CIA World Factbook; The Total Populations count can directly effect how many persons may or may not be available for military service or to serve in a labor force during a time of war.

China

1,330,044,544

2008

India

1,147,995,904

2008

United States of America

303,824,640

2008

Indonesia

237,512,352

2008

Brazil

196,342,592

2008

Pakistan

172,800,048

2008

Russia

140,702,096

2008

Japan

127,288,416

2008

Mexico

109,955,400

2008

Philippines

96,061,680

2008

Germany

82,369,552

2008

Egypt

81,713,520

2008

Turkey

71,892,808

2008

Iran

65,875,224

2008

Thailand

65,493,296

2008

France

64,057,792

2008

United Kingdom

60,943,912

2008

Italy

58,145,320

2008

South Africa

48,782,756

2008

South Korea

48,379,392

2008

Ukraine

45,994,288

2008

Spain

40,491,052

2008

Argentina

40,482,000

2008

Poland

38,500,696

2008

Canada

33,212,696

2008

Afganistan

32,738,376

2008

Nepal

29,519,114

2008

Iraq

28,221,180

2008

Saudi Arabia

28,146,656

2008

Venezuela

26,414,816

2008

North Korea

23,479,088

2008

Taiwan

22,920,946

2008

Australia

21,007,310

2008

Syria

19,747,586

2008

Greece

10,722,816

2008

Sweden

9,045,389

2008

Israel

7,112,359

2008

Libya

6,173,579

2008

Denmark

5,484,723

2008

Norway

4,644,457

2008

Georgia

4,630,841

2008

Lebanon

3,971,941

2008